# Why are series components reported together with ++ or --?

Historical output uses a combined series branch when the individual component values cannot be identified independently.

## Compatibility

Legacy support semantics; current-release check pending

Published guidance with release-applicability limits. Confirm package applicability before following this guide.

## Interpret the combined name

The reviewed support explanation uses ++ for aligned orientations and -- for a component with the opposite orientation in a merged series branch. This notation describes the merged topology; it is not a second numerical result or simply a negative resistance.

With no independent excitation or branch information to distinguish the series sections, extraction determines their combined branch impedance. It cannot uniquely assign the total to each listed section.

## If individual values are required

Reconsider whether the physical geometry and measurable ports provide enough independent information for the desired model. Do not split the total arbitrarily or treat a renamed netlist as new independent evidence.

## Sources and verification details

Recorded inputs/builds only. Complete walkthrough and final-package acceptance remain separate.



- support:SUP-008: Generalised editorial finding; outcome qualification retained
- inductex:docs/manual/ix_netlist.tex: Branch topology
- inductex:docs/manual/ix_output.tex: Element names and branch solution
- owner:technical-review-20261102: Owner accepted this modelling explanation; version limits and execution scope retained

- The ++/-- semantics were explained in historical support. Confirm the exact presentation on the intended current release before publication.
- The owner accepted the modelling explanation on 2 November 2026. Applicable release/platform and unrecorded walkthrough checks remain pending.

## Related guides

- [An extracted resistance or inductance looks unphysical](/knowledge-base/inductex-negative-resistance)